MASWALI YANAYOULIZWA MARA KWA MARA KUHUSU UFUGAJI WA NYUKI

UFUGAJI WA NYUKI NI NINI?

Ufugaji wa Nyuki ni kuhifadhi nyuki ndani ya Mizinga kwa Madhumuni ya  kupata mazao ya nyuki kama vile asali,nta na gundi

NYUKI HUFUGWA WAPI?

Nyuki wanaweza kufugwa mahali popote penye mimea inayotoa maua ya kufaa.

MAMBO MUHIMU YA KUZINGATIA UNAPOCHAGUA SEHEMU YA KUFUGIA NYUKI.

1)Chunguza kama ipo Mimea ya Maua ya kufaa na kutosha,kwa mfano uoto wa asili kama vile miombo,au mashamba ya miti au mazao ya kilimo.

2) Chunguza Kama kuna maji ya kutosha naya kudumu.Endapo hakuna maji hakikisha unaweka maji kwa kuwajengea visima vidogo vidogo au hata kwenye madebe au makopo.

3) Chunguza kama pana athari za mafuriko ya mara kwa mara ili mizinga yako usizolewe na maji.

4) Chunguza kama sehemu uliyochagua inapitika nyakati zote za mwaka na ina kivuli cha kutosha 

5) Chunguza kama sehemu uliyochagua haina upepo mkali kupita kiasi. Upepo mkali unaozidi kilometa 80 kwa saa utazuia nyuki kutoka nje au kupotea kwa kusombwa na upepo.

6) Chunguza kama sehemu hiyo haina maadui wa mizinga  na nyuki kwa mfano nondo, nyegere, wezi, mchwa, siafu n.k.

7) Hakikishha sehemu utakayochagua iko mbali na barabra kuu au shughuli za jumuiya, mfano, soko, kanisa, msikiti, shule, makazi ya watu, hospitali n.k.

IDADI GANI YA MIZINGA IWEKWE KWENYE MANZUKI?

Idadi ya mizinga inayotakiwa kuwekwa kwenye manzuki inategememea wingi na aina ya mimea inayotoa maua katika  sehemu husika. Inashauriwa kutokuweka mizingi mingi kupita uwezo wa eneo la kufugia nyuki.

Makadirio ya idadi ya mizinga kwenye eneo la mita 120 za mraba katika uoto mbalimbali yameoneshwa kwenye jedwali namba 1

Jedwali Na 1: Idadi ya mizinga kwenye eneo la mita za mraba 120 kwa maeneo mbalimbali

NA	AINA ZA UOTO	IDADI YA MIZINGA
1	Miombo yenye miti mingi	5 - 10
2	Miombo yenye miti ya hapa na pale	5
3	Misitu minene	15 au zaidi
4	Misitu ya kupandwa yenye miti inayotoa maua	15 au zaidi
5	Shamba la katani	15 au zaidi
6	Shamba la Michungwa	15 au zaidi
7	Shamba la mazao ya kilimo mchanganyiko	5
8	Mkusanyiko wa uoto anuai kama vile vichaka na mbuga za majani.	2 - 4

JINSI YA KUTEGA MAKUNDI YA NYUKI ILI KUANZINSHA MANZUKI

1.    Mizinga mipya kabla ya kutundikwa ni budi iwekwe chambo. Chambo kinachotumika zaidi ni nta. Nta iliyoyeyushwa na kupakazwa ndani ya mzinga hutoa harufu ambayo huwavutia nyuki. Mizinga iliyowekwa chambo hutundikwa juu ya miti kwa kutumia waya kusubiri makundi ya nyuki yapite.

2.   Njia nyingine ni kugawa kundi kubwa la nyuki na kugawia kwenye mzinga mpya au usiokuwa na nyuki. Masenga mawili, moja lenye majana na mayai na moja lenye asali au chavua pamoja na nyuki wasiopungua 100 huhamishwa kwenye mzinga mpya. Mzinga uliogawiwa nyuki (mpya) unawekwa pale ambapo mzinga wa zamani ulipokuwa na wa zamani unahamishwa.

3.   Njia nyingine ni kukamata makundi ya nyuki yaliyojikusanya kwenye tawi la mti na kulikung’utia ndani ya boksi au mzinga mdogo halafu unakwenda kuwaweka kwenye mzinga wako mpya. Nyuki hawa itabidi walishwe siku za mwanzo kwa kutumia asali au shira ya sukari kwa vile  watakuwa hawana chakula.

MAMBO YA KUFANYA KWENYE SHAMBA LA NYUKI

Utunzaji ya nyuki /shamba la nyuki kunalenga kupata mazao bora na ya kutosha ya asali na nta, pia faida zitokanazo na uchavushaji wa nyuki kwa mazao mbalimbali ya kilimo.

Katika kuhudumia makundi yako ya nyuki unahitajika kuwa na kalenda ya mfuga Nyuki. Kalenda ya mfuga nyuki ni utaratibu wa shughuli zote mfugaji anazotakiwa kuzifanya katika kipindi cha mwaka. 

Kalenda ya mfugaji nyuki inatambulika mfugaji shughuli gani ya kufanya na ambayo haijafahamika katika misimu mbalimbali ya mwaka.

Aidha,  ukaguzi wa makundi na uvunaji wa asali hufanywa kulingana na kalenda  ya ufugaji nyuki.

Kalenda za ufugaji wa nyuki hazifanani kwa kila eneo  la nchi. Hii inatokana na majira ya mwaka ambayo nayo ni tofauti tofauti kufuatana na sehemu ya nchi.

Yafuatayo ni maelezo ya kalenda ya mfuga nyuki pamoja na shughuli zinazohitaka kufanywa;

     Msimu wa njaa

Hiki ni kipindi cha kiangazi ambacho maua kwa ajili ya mbochi na chavua yameadimika . Aidha, akiba ya asali na chavua kwa ajili ya nyuki ni kidogo.

  

      Shughuli za kufanya katika kipindi hiki ni zifuatazo

·        Kukagua makundi kuangalia maadui wa nyuki, mfano, siafu, nondo n.k.

·        Kuwalisha nyuki, kwa kutumia shira ya sukari , au asali kama ipo ikiwa nyuki hawana akiba yeyote iliyosalia. Angalizo:Hapa Tanzania hakuna mazoea ya kulisha nyuki  isipikua mkulima/mfugaji akiamua mwenyewe.

Jinsi kulisha nyuki

·        Tengeneza mchanganyiko wa sukari na maji . sehemu 1 kwa 1 yaani kikombe 1 sukari na maji kikombe 1.

·        Chemsha maji mpakaka yachemke kisha ondoa motoni na ongeza sukari huku ukikoroga mpaka iyeyuke. 

·        Acha mchanganyiko upoe

·        Jaza mchanganyiko kwenye chombo cha kulishia nyuki

·        Angalia baada ya  siku tatu ili ikibidi uwaongezee nyuki chakula

Msimu wa kujenga

Huu ni msimu wa nyuki wa kujenga, kwani kipindi hiki vichaka pamoja na miti michache inaanza kutoa maua na nyuki wanaanza kujenga masega ya kuweka asali tayari kwa msimu ujao  wa maua. Aidha , Malkia anataga mayai zaidi na nyuki wengi zaidi hutotolewa ili kuongeza nguvukazi kwente kundi la vubarua  kwani wengi watakuwa wamekufa kipindi cha njaa.

Shughuli za kufanya katika kipindi hiki ni zifuatazo

·        Kagua maadui wa nyuki katika mizinga

·        Unganisha makundi madogo ili kupata kundi kubwa

·        Kugawa baadhi ya makundi ikiwa ni makubwa ili yahamishiwe kwenye mizinga iliyohamwa. 

·        chunguza kama nyuki wanajenga masega vizuri kwehye vinzi au miche na siyo kwa kukatiza

·        usafi wa shamba

Msimu wa maua

Wakati huu vichaka vingi na mimea mingi inatoa maua,  nyuki wanakusanya chakula(mbochi na chavua ) kwa wingi pamoja na kuivisha asali.

Shughuli za kufanya katika kipindi hiki ni zifuatazo:

·        kupanua viota (kwa mizinga ya biashara), ina maana kuwa kama sanduku la chini limekaribia kujaa yaani liko robo tatu basi uongeze jingine la ziada juu yake baada ya kuweka kitenga malkia.

·        Kuangalia maadui.

·        Kuangalia kama asali imeshaiva na tayari kwa kuvuna

·        Kutafuta soko la kuuzia mazao yako(Asali,Nta,Gundi n.k)

Makala hii itaendelea tena………….

Imeandaliwa kwa Msaada wa kitabu cha  (R.P.C Temu,2007 ). Na msaada wa Mtandao/Internet.

Kwa Maoni /Ushauri: +255714759047/+255768937884

                        fabianbalele@gmail.com

WADAU WA ASALI TANZANIA WANAMATUMAINI JUU YA UFUMBUZI WA SOKO LA NJE LA ASALI KUPITIA MKUTANO WA KIMATAIFA WA WADAU WA ASALI UTAKAOFANYIKA AICC

Wakiongea kwa nyakati tofauti na   www.balelemwanahabari.blogspot.com Wadau mbalimbali wa asali Tanzania wameeleza kuwa changamoto kubwa ya bashara ya Asali ni soko la uhakika hasa soko la nje.

Wadau hao wameeleza kuwa kupitia Mkutano mkubwa wa kimataifa utakaofanyika Jijini Arusha Tanzania ,kuanzia tarehe 11-16 November,2014.Huenda kukawa na Maumaini ya kupata ufumbuzi wa Soko la uhakika wa sali hasa soko la nje.

Mkutano huo mkubwa kabisa  utahusisha zadi ya Wadau 550 kutoka sehemu mbalimbali katika kila pembe ya Dunia.

Kwa Maelezo zaidi kuhusu mkutano huo tembelea >>>>http://www.apiafrica.org/

1st Apimondia Symposium on African Bees and Beekeeping 2014

Tanzania is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, inhabited by friendly and warm-hearted people. It offers the traveller the unforgettable experience of beauty of nature, wildlife and beaches away from the crowds, back to the essence, the spirit of Africa, simple and inspiring unforgettable Tanzania.

The country is rich in terms of natural resources, cultural values and heritage sites.  The Lake Victoria and Tanganyika (great lakes) occupy a large portion of territory in Tanzania. Mount Kilimanjaro, the single standing highest mountain in Africa, reaching about 5,445 metres above sea level is found in Tanzania including the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Crater and the spice Zanzibar island along the Indian Ocean, where slave trade remnants are still evident.

The total forest area in Tanzania is estimated at 48.8 million hectares, which is ideal for beekeeping. Beekeeping is a forest-based activity where the majority of beekeepers carry out beekeeping in protected areas and general land.  Only less than ten percent of beekeepers are carrying out beekeeping in agricultural lands. It is also rich in terms of bee species that produce honey, they are found in forests, tree holes and cavities. There are stinging and stingless bees in varieties of races. The stinging bee species Apis mellifera are found in three races Apis mellifera scutellata, Apis mellifera litorea and Apis mellifera monticola, while stingless bees are in two genera Melipona and Trigona.

Tanzania is organizing the 1st Apimondia Symposium on African Bees and Beekeeping 2014 to be held from 11 November to 16 November 2014 at Arusha International Conference Centre, Arusha Tanzania.  The first three days will be for Symposium conferences (paper presentations and discussions), beekeeping seminars and specific topics discussed at round tables concurrently with a commercial exhibition. It will be followed by technical excursions for participants to choose the route for one day, two or three days.

More than 550 participants (beekeepers, professionals and other stakeholders) from in and outside Tanzania are expected to attend the Symposium. The main objective for the Apiafrica Symposium 2014 is to improve beekeeping industry in Africa and developing countries for the welfare of rural people. The theme is “African Bees for a Green and Golden Economy”.

The Symposium will seek to:
• present fresh and evidence-based research findings;
• collect and document hard stories from beekeeper-based beekeeping practices, conservation and livelihoods;
• create networks among beekeepers, buyers and service providers through trade exhibition, and;
• incorporate issues raised by beekeepers into discussions and identify the way forward for better implementation.
I am pleased to invite beekeepers, researchers, students, traders, government officials, representatives of NGOs and other organizations to participate in this important event on beekeeping. Prospective participants are invited to register online and pay the required registration fees.
WELCOME “KARIBU”
Chairperson
Organising Committee of 1st Apimondia Symposium on Africa Bees and Beekeeping 2014

 How to Register
Prospective participants are invited to register online and pay the required registration fees (table). Invitation letters will be prepared and sent to the participants upon request from the Secretariat. Only those who have paid registration fee will get confirmation and included in the list of participants.

Structure of registration fees

Type of registration	Early bird registration (Deadline 15th July 2014)	Standard registration
Full registration (Apimondia members)	US$ 200	US$ 300
Full registration (non Apimondia members)	US$ 250	US$ 350
Tanzania residents	TZS 100,000	TZS 150,000
Accompanying person full registration	US$ 150	US$ 200
Students full registration with Id (international)	US$ 100	US$ 150
Students full registration with Id (local)	TZS 20,000	TZS 50,000
Entry fee for exhibition only (Local Visitors)		Free

The package of the registration fee (From 11th to 13th November 2014 ) includes: access to the conference halls (main hall, breakout room, adjacent rooms) and exhibition stands, mineral water, morning and evening tea/coffee breaks with snacks and buffet lunch.
Payment terms

• Registration form will only be taken into consideration if accompanied with the respective payment
• Payment is to be made by US$
• Please note that bank transfer charges must be paid by participants/the sender
• Mode of payment is through BANK TRANSFER

Bank Details:
Account Name: TFS FOREX COLLECTION ACCOUNT
Account Type: US$
Bank Name : CRDB BANK PLC
Branch Code : 3314
Account Number : 0250205857700
SWIFT CODE : CORUTZTZ

SOURCE: http://www.apiafrica.org/